Because of its anti-natlist one child policy and increasing life expectancy China is expected to have an ageing population in the future. By 2050 it is estimated that one third of all Chinese will be over the age of 65. With this ageing population China will face similar problems to countries like Japan are facing today e.g. shortage of workers, higher pension costs and rising medical bills.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19630110
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